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表面活性劑膠束形成

  在一(yi)定(ding)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)范圍內,膠(jiao)束(shu)(shu)在溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)呈球(qiu)形(xing)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(圖2—14a),消泡(pao)劑(ji)(ji)并有恒定(ding)的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)締合(he)數,其碳氫(qing)(qing)鏈構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)內核,且自由(you)纏繞保持類似于(yu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)體的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。具(ju)非(fei)極性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)和非(fei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)晶(jing)態(tai)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)。受表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)親(qin)水(shui)基的(de)(de)束(shu)(shu)縛,與親(qin)水(shui)基相連的(de)(de)少(shao)(shao)量(liang)次甲(jia)基定(ding)向(xiang)整齊排(pai)列形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)柵(zha)狀(zhuang)層(又(you)稱帕利塞(sai)德層。Parisidelayer),親(qin)水(shui)基分(fen)(fen)布在球(qiu)狀(zhuang)膠(jiao)束(shu)(shu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)并發生一(yi)定(ding)程度(du)的(de)(de)水(shui)合(he)作用(yong)。在水(shui)合(he)作用(yong)的(de)(de)影響下(xia),抗靜電(dian)劑(ji)(ji)水(shui)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)可深入(ru)柵(zha)狀(zhuang)層內。對于(yu)離(li)子(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji),其反離(li)子(zi)則吸(xi)附在膠(jiao)束(shu)(shu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)。當溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)增(zeng)加(jia)時,由(you)于(yu)膠(jiao)束(shu)(shu)大(da)(da)小或締合(he)數增(zeng)加(jia)不(bu)再能保持球(qiu)形(xing)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)而變成(cheng)(cheng)棒狀(zhuang)膠(jiao)束(shu)(shu)(圖2—14b),這種棒狀(zhuang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)具(ju)有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)柔順性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),滲(shen)透劑(ji)(ji)當表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)再增(zeng)加(jia)時,則從棒狀(zhuang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)轉(zhuan)變成(cheng)(cheng)六角(jiao)束(shu)(shu)狀(zhuang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(圖2—14c),濃(nong)(nong)度(du)更大(da)(da)時,成(cheng)(cheng)為板狀(zhuang)或層狀(zhuang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(圖2—14d、e)。從球(qiu)形(xing)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)到(dao)層狀(zhuang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou),表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)碳氫(qing)(qing)鏈從紊亂分(fen)(fen)布轉(zhuan)變成(cheng)(cheng)規整排(pai)列,完成(cheng)(cheng)了從液(ye)(ye)(ye)態(tai)向(xiang)液(ye)(ye)(ye)晶(jing)態(tai)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)變。六角(jiao)束(shu)(shu)狀(zhuang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)和層狀(zhuang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)均已表(biao)(biao)(biao)明出(chu)明顯的(de)(de)光學各(ge)向(xiang)異性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi),在層狀(zhuang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)中(zhong),表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)的(de)(de)排(pai)列接(jie)近于(yu)雙分(fen)(fen)子(zi)層結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)。聚乙二醇PEG在高濃(nong)(nong)度(du)的(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)水(shui)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong),如有少(shao)(shao)量(liang)非(fei)極性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)(ji)存在,則可能形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)反向(xiang)膠(jiao)束(shu)(shu),即(ji)親(qin)水(shui)基團向(xiang)內,聚醚親(qin)油基團朝向(xiang)非(fei)極性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)液(ye)(ye)(ye)體。來源(yuan):網絡